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One of the most important pieces of equipment in the dental office is a dental highspeed handpiece. Speed and torque are kings where dental handpieces are concerned, and competition is fierce between manufacturers. Because of the specialized nature, very high speeds, and extremely rigorous use of coxo high speed handpieces, the turbines that drive them must be manufactured to the highest standards. Substandard materials would result in imminent failure, and possible harm to the patient on which the equipment was being used.
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A typical high speed handpiece uses air compressors to rotate a cutting bur at about 350.000 ? 400.000 rpm?s. Dental turbine, the heart of a handpiece, is the fastest spinning turbine in the world.
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On the world handpiece market, today there are many different types and models of highspeed handpieces among which most well-known are manufactured by Kavo, Midwest, W&H, B&A and others. Dental turbine unit is located in the head of handpieces and have more or less the same basic design.
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The dental turbine
The heart and soul of the handpiece is the turbine. It performs all the work in a handpiece. The standard components are shown in the following diagram:
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Nr. 1 - At the centre of the turbine is the spindle, this is the shaft that rotates.
Nr. 2 - Inside the spindle is the chuck, this is a hollow tube that holds the bur.
Nr. 3 - Placed on the middle (from front to back) of the spindle (it is actually pressed in place) is the impeller. This is what catches the air causing
the turbine to rotate.
Nr. 4 Front bearing
Nr. 5 Rear or back bearing
On either side of the impeller are bearings, that allow the spindle to rotate by reducing friction.
Nr. 6 O-Rings provide firm seating inside handpiece head while minimizing vibration.
Nr. 7 Washer / wavy washers. Washers are usually used only on auto chuck handpieces to provide lateral tension, keeping the turbine pressed
against the end cap to facilitate actuating the chuck.
Nr. 8 Slinger is placed on front bearing to protect the bearing from dust and contamination.
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